debian13
p102显卡在 debian13 物理机上安装
准备工作
修改源文件:
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
主要是每行的末尾设置为"main contrib non-free non-free-firmware":
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# trixie-updates, to get updates before a point release is made;
# see https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch02.en.html#_updates_and_backports
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
更新:
sudo apt update
Nvidia 驱动需要编译内核模块 (DKMS),因此必须安装与当前内核匹配的头文件和编译工具:
sudo apt install linux-headers-amd64 build-essential dkms -y
安装 nvidia 驱动
P102 属于 Pascal 架构(GP102核心),Debian 13 默认仓库中的最新版 Nvidia 驱动完全支持该显卡。
安装 NVIDIA 驱动及相关固件:
sudo apt install nvidia-driver firmware-misc-nonfree -y
安装完成后重启:
sudo reboot
查看显卡
重启后查看显卡:
nvidia-smi
输出为:
Sun May 31 20:15:02 2026
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.163.01 Driver Version: 550.163.01 CUDA Version: 12.4 |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M | Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
| | | MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
| 0 NVIDIA P102-100 Off | 00000000:03:00.0 Off | N/A |
| 53% 24C P8 8W / 250W | 0MiB / 10240MiB | 0% Default |
| | | N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| 1 NVIDIA P102-100 Off | 00000000:04:00.0 Off | N/A |
| 51% 27C P8 8W / 250W | 0MiB / 10240MiB | 0% Default |
| | | N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=========================================================================================|
| No running processes found |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
解读一下显卡当前状态:
- 两块显卡全部识别:GPU 0 和 GPU 1 均准确识别为 NVIDIA P102-100。
- 显存完全正常:每块显卡都显示了 10240MiB(标准的 10GB 显存)。
- 驱动和 CUDA 状态:安装的是最新的 550.163.01 稳定版驱动,最高可支持到 CUDA 12.4 环境。
- 温度与功耗极佳:目前待机温度只有 24°C 和 27°C,待机功耗仅 8W,说明散热和系统状态良好。
其他配置
开启持久模式 (Persistence Mode):
sudo nvidia-smi -pm 1
为了让系统每次重启都自动保持开启,启用 Nvidia 的持久化守护进程:
sudo systemctl enable --now nvidia-persistenced